Oligopeptides and compositions containing the oligopeptides

ABSTRACT

Oligopeptides according to formula (I) and/or (II), R1-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2 (I); R1-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2 (II), wherein R1 is linked to the NH2-group of the amino-terminal part of Tyr and is selected from the group consisting of —H; a linear saturated or unsaturated or branched saturated or unsaturated acyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be functionalized by a —OH, —SH, —COOH or —CONH2 group; a sterol or a sphingolipid group which is linked to the amino terminal part of Tyr via a bifunctional linker are disclosed. Cosmetic compositions containing the oligopeptides are also disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. Section 119 of European Patent Application No. EP05023954.0 filed Nov. 3, 2005 and International Application No. PCT/EP2006/010258 filed Oct. 25, 2006, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

A computer readable form of the Sequence Listing, named “40163USA_ST25. txt”, created on Dec. 26, 2010, and 1.74 KB in size, is herein incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the cosmetic use of oligopeptides, among them endomorphin-1and endomorphin-2, cosmetic compositions which comprise such oligopeptides as well as certain oligopeptide derivatives themselves.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Cosmetic preparations are available nowadays to the consumer in a large number of combinations. In this regard, it is not only expected that these cosmetics exhibit a particular care effect or overcome a certain deficiency, but there is an evermore frequent requirement for products which have several properties at the same time and thus exhibit an improved performance spectrum. Of particular interest are substances which both favorably influence the technical properties of the cosmetic product, such as storage stability, photostability and ability to be formulated, and also at the same time constitute active ingredients which confer care, irritation-suppressing and/or photoprotective properties for skin and/or hair for example. Especially, good skin compatibility and particularly good skin compatibility for humans with sensitive skin is of increasing importance.

Sensitive skin is a condition of subjective cutaneous hyperactivity to environmental factors or stimuli. Approximately 40% of the population considers themselves to possess the characteristics of sensitive skin. Consumers who perceive their skin as sensitive report exaggerated reactions when their skin is in contact with cosmetics, soaps and sunscreens, and worsening after exposure to dry, cold or wind climate, to sun or UV irradiation, to polluted environment, to physical treatments as depilation, shaving, or to stress. They react with subjective symptoms like itching, burning, stinging, prickling or tingling.

Mechanistic aspects of sensitive skin are still unclear, but an increased permeability of the stratum corneum and acceleration of the nerve response in skin are considered to be involved.

Various literature papers address the cosmetic treatment of sensitive skin. In Parfums Cosmetiques Actualités, 2004, 178, 128-169, C. Chavigny reviewed the different strategy and products to increase the skin tolerance threshold, via restoration of the cutaneous barrier and via limiting the production of the cellular mediators involved in the inflammatory reaction.

The peptides endomorphin-1 (H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH₂) (SEQ ID NO:5) and endomorphin-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH₂) (SEQ ID NO:6) are known pharmaceutical agents.

WO 98/42732 (EP 0 994 897) discloses the peptides endomorphine-1 (H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH₂) (SEQ ID NO:5) and endomorphine-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH₂)) (SEQ ID NO:6) and several structural variations and their use in pharmaceutical compositions. No cosmetic use is described. No synthetic variants (acetylated forms) are disclosed.

WO 03/020304 (EP1427438) describes pharmaceutical compositions comprising an endomorphin for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of inflammation as well as autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis or asthma. The endomorphin is selected from natural endomorphins, synthetic endomorphins, endomorphin analogues, endomorphin mimetics, functional fragments of natural endomorphins, functional fragments of synthetic endomorphins and endomorphin derivatives. In a preferred embodiment, endomorphin-1 or endomorphin-2 are used. The endomorphin derivatives described are such that are obtained by glycosylation, sulphation or hydroxylation or “any other known modification method for peptides.” The peptide derivatives of the present invention are not disclosed nor their cosmetic use.

WO 97/07130 (EP 845003 B1) describes tetra-peptides and tetra-peptide derivatives and their pharmaceutical use in the treatment of pain. The tetra-peptide always contains either D-Ala or D-Arg. WO 95/22557 discloses oligopeptides, among them endomorphine-2 and their pharmaceutical use in the treatment of pain. U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,627 discloses a variety of tetra and penta-peptides and their therapeutic use.

The object of the present invention was to provide cosmetic compositions which are suitably to be used by humans with sensitive skin. In a further object of the invention, the cosmetic compositions should not only prevent subjective symptoms of sensitive skin like itching, burning, stinging, prickling or tingling but should also ameliorate existing symptoms of sensitive skin. It was a further objective of the invention to provide cosmetic compositions which help relieve sensitive skin in decreasing subjective cutaneous hyperactivity to environmental factors or stimuli and attenuating corresponding skin subjective symptoms like itching, burning, stinging, prickling or tingling. It was a further objective of the invention to provide cosmetic preparations which allow the incorporation of known irritating agents such as e.g. alpha-hydroxyl acids or retinol, in cosmetic preparations with the goal to obtain non-irritating compositions, which can thus be safely applied by humans with sensitive skin.

In addition, the cosmetic formulations should be preferably non-toxic and compatible with the most common cosmetic ingredients.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that oligopeptides according to the invention satisfy the needs described above.

None of the documents of the prior art describe oligopeptides of the invention nor the cosmetic use of the claimed oligopeptides. None of the documents describes oligopeptides which can be used on sensitive skin.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a composition suitable for use in cosmetic applications, which composition comprises an oligopeptide according to formula (I) and/or (II) of: R₁-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH₂ (I) (SEQ ID NO:1) R₁-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH₂ (II) (SEQ ID NO:2)

-   -   wherein R₁ is linked to the NH₂-group of the amino-terminal         portion of Tyr and is selected from the group consisting of:         -   a) —H;         -   b) a linear saturated or unsaturated or branched saturated             or unsaturated acyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, which             acyl group can be functionalized by a —OH, —SH, —COOH or             —CONH₂ group; and         -   c) a sterol or a sphingolipid group which is linked to the             amino terminal portion of Tyr by a bifunctional linker.

Accordingly, the invention is directed to the cosmetic use of oligopeptides according to [SEQ ID NO:1] and/or [SEQ ID NO:2], wherein R₁ has the above-described meaning.

It has been found that the oligopeptides according to the invention possess good cosmetic properties due to their soothing and caressing properties.

It has also been found that the oligopeptides according to the invention are suitable for the preparation of compositions for treating sensitive skin.

Thus, another aspect of the present invention is a cosmetic composition which comprises:

1) an oligopeptide according to formula (I) and/or (II) of: R₁-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH₂ (I) (SEQ ID NO:1) R₁-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH₂ (II) (SEQ ID NO:2)

-   -   wherein R₁ is linked to the NH₂-group of the amino-terminal         portion of Tyr and is selected from the group consisting of:         -   a) —H;         -   b) a linear saturated or unsaturated or branched saturated             or unsaturated acyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, which             acyl group can be functionalized by a —OH, —SH, —COOH or             —CONH₂ group; and         -   c) a sterol or a sphingolipid group which is linked to the             amino terminal portion of Tyr by a bifunctional linker;

2) a cosmetic agent; and

3) optionally, an additive or auxiliary suitable for use in a cosmetic composition.

It has also been found that the oligopeptides according to the invention can be used in cosmetic compositions which contain known irritating cosmetic agents. Surprisingly, it has been found that the irritating potential of these known irritating cosmetic agents is reduced by the oligopeptides according to the invention.

Thus, a further embodiment of the invention is directed to cosmetic compositions comprising at least one oligopeptide according to formula (I) and/or formula (II) and at least one cosmetic agent selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids and retinoids.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Cosmetic Agent

The cosmetic agent can be an alpha-hydroxy acid. Suitable is any cosmetically acceptable alpha-hydroxy acid, salts thereof and esters thereof. Preferably, alpha-hydroxy acids are chosen wherein the alpha-hydroxy acid is selected from C2 to C12 alpha hydroxyl acids and salts thereof and esters thereof with a C2 to C24, preferably C14 to C22 alcohol.

The cosmetic agent can be a beta-hydroxy acid. Suitable is any cosmetically acceptable beta-hydroxy acid, salts thereof and esters thereof. Preferably, beta-hydroxy acids are chosen wherein the beta-hydroxy acid is selected from C2 to C12 beta-hydroxyl acids and salts thereof and esters thereof with a C2 to C24, preferably C14 to C22 alcohol.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the alpha-hydroxy or beta-hydroxy acid or salt or ester thereof is used, wherein the acid is preferably chosen from the group consisting of lactic acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, gentisic acid, salicylic acid, gluconic acid and heptonic acid.

The cosmetic agent can be a retinoid. Suitable retinoids according to the invention can be chosen from the group consisting of retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate and retinyl ascorbate.

R₁ Moiety

The amino-terminal part of Tyr is linked via R₁. R₁ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) —H     -   b) a linear saturated or unsaturated or branched saturated or         unsaturated acyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be         functionalized by a —OH, —SH, —COOH or —CONH₂ group, or     -   c) a sterol or a sphingolipid group which is linked to the amino         terminal part of Tyr via a bifunctional linker.

In one embodiment, the amino terminal is not substituted but consists of an amino group. It is within the scope of the invention that, in case R₁=H, the oligopeptide of the invention can be protonated, and be present as salt, e.g. as chloride, bromide, fluoride or iodide.

In a preferred embodiment, the oligopeptide according to the invention is endomorphin-1 [Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH₂] (SEQ ID NO:5) and/or endomorphin-2 [Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH₂] (SEQ ID NO:6).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, R₁ is a linear saturated or unsaturated or branched saturated or unsaturated acyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, having 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 12, preferably 10 to 20, more preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms. In one embodiment of the invention, the acyl group has ≦12, ≦11, ≦10, ≦9, ≦8, ≦7, ≦6, ≦5, ≦4, ≦3, ≦2 carbon atoms.

The radical R_(i) is preferably selected from the group which is formed by acetyl (CH₃—CO—), ethanoyl (CH₃—CH₂—CO—), propionyl, butanoyl (=butyryl; CH₃—(CH₂)₂—CO—), decanoyl, palmitoyl (CH₃—(CH₂)₁₄—CO—), stearoyl (CH₃—(CH₂)₁₆—CO—), oleyl, lipoyl, linoleyl or conjugated linoleyl; and particularly preferred is acetyl.

Thus, in an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the oligopeptide according to formula (I) is N-Acetyl-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO:3) a and/or N-Acteyl-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO:4).

In one embodiment of the invention, the acyl group can be further functionalized by one or more of the functional groups selected from the group consisting of —OH, —SH, —COOH and —CONH₂.

In one embodiment of the invention, R₁ is a sterol group. The sterol group can be selected from a plant sterol or from a sterol of animal origin.

Sterols in the context of the invention are steroids which only contain a hydroxyl group but no other functional groups at C-3. Formally, therefore, they are alcohols which is why this group of compounds is also referred to occasionally as sterols. In general, sterols contain from about 27 to about 30 carbon atoms and one double bond in the 5/6 position and occasionally in the 7/8, 8/9 or other positions. Sterols which may be used for the purposes of the invention are those obtained from natural products such as, for example, soya, rapeseed, sunflower, coconut, palm kernel and palm oil. Preferred sterols are sigmasterol, campesterol, sitosterol, brassicasterols, stigmasterol, D5 avenasterol, D7 avenasterol, ergosterol, citrostadienol, cholesterol, lanosterols, spongosterols, fungisterols, stellasterols, zymosterols and mixtures thereof and, more particularly, phytosterols based on ergosterols, avenasterols (D5 and D7 avenasterol), campesterols, stigmasterols, sitosterols, brassicasterols, citrosdandiols, sigmastandiols and mixtures thereof. Any other phytosterol known to the expert may also be used.

In a preferred embodiment, the sterol group is selected from the group consisting of cholesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, or brassicasterol.

In another embodiment, R₁ is a sphingolipid, preferably selected from the group consisting of sphingosine, phytosphingosine, dehydrosphingosine or deshydrophytosphingosine.

The sterol or the sphingolipid is linked to the oligopeptide using a bifunctional linker such as a diacid, for example succinic acid. The sterol hydroxyl group at C-3 can be linked via an ester bond to the bifunctional linker, which can be linked via an amide bond to the amino-terminal part of Tyr. The sphingolipid amino group at C-1 can be linked via an amide bond to the bifunctional linker, which can be linked via an amide bond to the amino-terminal part of Tyr.

The terms “oligopeptide” and “oligopeptides” are used synonymously to encompass single oligopeptide species of formula (I) and/or (II) as well as mixtures of at least 2, at least 3, or more oligopeptides according to formula (I) and/or (II) as well as mixtures of at least one single species of formula (I) with at least one single species of formula (II). In case where R₁ is not ═H, the term “oligopeptide derivative” would be a more precise term. As used in this description, the term “oligopeptide” or “oligopeptides” encompasses oligopeptides as well as oligopeptide derivatives, as well as salts of the oligopeptides and of the oligopeptide derivatives. Such suitable salts include sodium- or potassium-salts.

The amino acids can either occur in the L, the D, or the DL form in the peptide fragment. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the amino acids are all in L form.

Synthesis of Oligopeptides

The oligopeptides according to the invention can be obtained by chemical or enzymatic synthesis. They can also be obtained by controlled hydrolysis of natural proteins of microorganisms, plants or animals which contain the oligopeptides or precursors of the oligopeptides (e.g. endomorphine-1 or endomorphine-2) according to the invention.

The either chemically or enzymatically obtained endomorphine-1 or endomorphine-2 can then be further derivatized (e.g. acetylated) by known chemical or enzymatic techniques to obtain the oligopeptides according to the invention.

The oligopeptides can also be produced by microorganisms, which either naturally form the oligopeptides, or have possibly been genetically modified or are manipulated in some other way during fermentation through fermentation conditions such that they form the oligopeptides according to the invention.

In case the oligopeptides (or their precursors) are obtained by hydrolysis of proteins, the thus obtained oligopeptides may be used crude, or may be further purified by known techniques (membrane filtration, chromatography, immuno-precipitation) to obtain the desired oligopeptides.

Cosmetic Compositions Comprising Oligopeptides

Another embodiment of the invention is directed to cosmetic compositions comprising at least one oligopeptide according to formula (I) and/or (II).

The oligopeptides are preferably used in a concentration of from about 0.001 to 1000 ppm, preferably 0.05 to 500 ppm, more preferably from 0.5 to 100 ppm.

The oligopeptides are preferably dissolved or solubilized in one or more solvents which are approved for cosmetic preparations, such as, for example, water, glycerol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, ethoxylated or propoxylated diglycols, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or mixtures of said solvents. Furthermore, it is possible to use the oligopeptides solubilized in liposomes or adsorbed to organic polymers, or mineral supports or similar material which is acceptable for topical application.

Besides the solvents, further auxiliaries and additives may also be present in the preparations which are used according to the invention.

Cosmetic Compositions

The oligopeptides and the cosmetic uses according to the invention are suitable for use in making cosmetic compositions, such as, for example, hair shampoos, hair lotions, foam baths, shower baths, creams, gels, lotions, alcoholic and aqueous/alcoholic solutions, emulsions, wax/fat masses, stick preparations, powders or ointments. These compositions can also comprise, as further auxiliaries and additives, mild surfactants, oil bodies, emulsifiers, pearlescent waxes, consistency regulators, thickeners, superfatting agents, stabilizers, polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, lecithins, phospholipids, UV photoprotective factors, biogenic active ingredients, antioxidants, deodorants, antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, film formers, swelling agents, insect repellents, self-tanning agents, tyrosine inhibitors (depigmentation agents), hydrotropes, solubilizers, preservatives, perfume oils, dyes and the like.

Surfactants

Surface-active substances which may be present are anionic, nonionic, cationic and/or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, the content of which in the compositions is usually about 1 to 70% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight and in particular 10 to 30% by weight. Typical examples of anionic surfactants are soaps, alkylbenzenesulphonates, alkanesulphonates, olefinsulphonates, alkyl ether sulphonates, glycerol ether sulphonates, α-methyl ester sulphonates, sulpho fatty acids, alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, glycerol ether sulphates, fatty acid ether sulphates, hydroxy mixed ether sulphates, monoglyceride (ether) sulphates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulphates, mono- and dialkyl sulphosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulphosuccinamates, sulphotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acylaminoacids, such as, for example, acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates and acyl aspartates, alkyl oligoglucoside sulphates, protein fatty acid condensates (in particular wheat-based vegetable products) and alkyl (ether) phosphates. If the anionic surfactants comprise polyglycol ether chains, these can have a conventional homologue distribution, but preferably have a narrowed homologue distribution. Typical examples of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers and mixed formals, optionally partially oxidized alk(en)yl oligoglycosides and glucoronic acid derivatives, fatty acid N-alkylglucamides, protein hydrolysates (in particular wheat-based vegetable products), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these can have a conventional homologue distribution, but preferably have a narrowed homologue distribution. Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds, such as, for example, dimethyldistearylammonium chloride, and ester quats, in particular quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts. Typical examples of amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are alkylbetaines, alkylamidobetaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazoliniumbetaines and sulphobetaines. The specified surfactants are exclusively known compounds. Typical examples of particularly suitable mild, i.e. particularly skin-compatible, surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates, mono- and/or dialkyl sulphosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, α-olefinsulphonates, ether carboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglucosides, fatty acid glucamides, alkylamidobetaines, amphoacetals and/or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably being based on wheat proteins.

Oil Bodies

Suitable oil bodies are, for example, Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10, carbon atoms, esters of linear C₆-C₂₂-fatty acids with linear or branched C₆-C₂₂ fatty alcohols and/or esters of branched C₆-C₁₃-carboxylic acids with linear or branched C₆-C₂₂-fatty alcohols, such as, for example, myristyl myristate, myristyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, myristyl isostearate, myristyl oleate, myristyl behenate, myristyl erucate, cetyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, cetyl isostearate, cetyl oleate, cetyl behenate, cetyl erucate, stearyl myristate, stearyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, stearyl isostearate, stearyl oleate, stearyl behenate, stearyl erucate, isostearyl myristate, isostearyl palmitate, isostearyl stearate, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl oleate, isostearyl behenate, isostearyl oleate, oleyl myristate, oleyl palmitate, oleyl stearate, oleyl isostearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl behenate, oleyl erucate, behenyl myristate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl stearate, behenyl isostearate, behenyl oleate, behenyl behenate, behenyl erucate, erucyl myristate, erucyl palmitate, erucyl stearate, erucyl isostearate, erucyl oleate, erucyl behenate and erucyl erucate. Also suitable are esters of linear C₆-C₂₂-fatty acids with branched alcohols, in particular 2-ethylhexanol, esters of C₁₈-C₃₈-alkyl hydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C₆-C₂₂-fatty alcohols (cf. DE 19756377 A1), in particular dioctyl malates, esters of linear and/or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as, for example, propylene glycol, dimerdiol or trimertriol) and/or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C₆-C₁₀-fatty acids, liquid mono-/di-/triglyceride mixtures based on C₆-C₂₂-fatty acids, esters of C₆-C₂₂-fatty alcohols and/or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, in particular benzoic acid, esters of C₂-C₁₂-dicarboxylic acids with linear or branched alcohols having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or polyols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, linear and branched C₆-C₂₂-fatty alcohol carbonates, such as, for example, dicaprylyl carbonate (Cetiol® CC), Guerbet carbonates based on fatty alcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10, carbon atoms, esters of benzoic acid with linear and/or branched C₆-C₂₂-alcohols (e.g. Finsolv® TN), linear or branched, symmetrical or unsymmetrical dialkyl ethers having 6 to 22 carbon atoms per alkyl group, such as, for example, dicaprylyl ether (Cetiol® OE), ring-opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters with polyols, silicone oils (cyclomethicones, silicon methicone types, inter alia) and/or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons, such as, for example, squalane, squalene or dialkylcyclohexanes.

Emulsifiers

Suitable emulsifiers are, for example, nonionic surfactants from at least one of the following groups:

-   -   addition products of from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or 0         to 5 mol of propylene oxide to linear fatty alcohols having 8 to         22 carbon atoms, to fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, to         alkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and         alkylamines having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical;     -   alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides having 8 to 22 carbon atoms         in the alk(en)yl radical and the ethoxylated analogues thereof;     -   addition products of from 1 to 15 mol of ethylene oxide to         castor oil and/or hydrogenated castor oil;     -   addition products of from 15 to 60 mol of ethylene oxide to         castor oil and/or hydrogenated castor oil;     -   partial esters of glycerol and/or sorbitan with unsaturated,         linear or saturated, branched fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon         atoms and/or hydroxycarboxylic acids having 3 to 18 carbon         atoms, and the adducts thereof with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene         oxide;     -   partial esters of polyglycerol (average degree of         self-condensation 2 to 8), polyethylene glycol (molecular weight         400 to 5 000), trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sugar         alcohols (e.g. sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (e.g. methyl         glucoside, butyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside), and         polyglucosides (e.g. cellulose) with saturated and/or         unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids having 12 to 22         carbon atoms and/or hydroxycarboxylic acids having 3 to 18         carbon atoms, and the adducts thereof with 1 to 30 mol of         ethylene oxide;     -   mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and         fatty alcohol and/or mixed esters of fatty acids having 6 to 22         carbon atoms, methylglucose and polyols, preferably glycerol or         polyglycerol,     -   mono-, di- and trialkyl phosphates, and mono-, di- and/or         tri-PEG alkyl phosphates and salts thereof;     -   wool wax alcohols;     -   polysiloxane-polyalkyl-polyether copolymers and corresponding         derivatives;     -   block copolymers, e.g. polyethylene glycol-30         dipolyhydroxystearates;     -   polymer emulsifiers, e.g. Pemulen grades (TR-1, TR-2) from         Goodrich;     -   polyalkylene glycols, and     -   glycerol carbonate.         Ethylene Oxide Addition Products

The addition products of ethylene oxide and/or of propylene oxide to fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols or to castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are homologue mixtures whose average degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio of the amounts of substance of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out. C_(12/18)-fatty acid mono- and diesters of addition products of ethylene oxide to glycerol are known as refatting agents for cosmetic preparations.

Alkyl and/or Alkenyl Oligoglycosides

Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides, their preparation and their use are known from the prior art. They are prepared, in particular, by reacting glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms. With regard to the glycoside radical, both monoglycosides, in which a cyclic sugar radical is glycosidically bonded to the fatty alcohol, and also oligomeric glycosides having a degree of oligomerization of up to, preferably, about 8, are suitable. The degree of oligomerization here is a statistical average value which is based on a homologue distribution customary for such technical-grade products.

Partial Glycerides

Typical examples of suitable partial glycerides are hydroxystearic acid monoglyceride, hydroxystearic acid diglyceride, isostearic acid monoglyceride, isostearic acid diglyceride, oleic acid monoglyceride, oleic acid diglyceride, ricinoleic acid monoglyceride, ricinoleic acid diglyceride, linoleic acid monoglyceride, linoleic acid diglyceride, linolenic acid monoglyceride, linolenic acid diglyceride, erucic add monoglyceride, erucic acid diglyceride, tartaric acid monoglyceride, tartaric acid diglyceride, citric acid monoglyceride, citric acid diglyceride, malic acid monoglyceride, malic acid diglyceride, and the technical-grade mixtures thereof which may also comprise small amounts of triglyceride as a minor product of the preparation process. Likewise suitable are addition products of 1 to 30 mol, preferably 5 to 10 mol, of ethylene oxide to said partial glycerides.

Sorbitan Esters

Suitable sorbitan esters are sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitan sesquiisostearate, sorbitan diisostearate, sorbitan triisostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monoerucate, sorbitan sesquierucate, sorbitan dierucate, sorbitan trierucate, sorbitan monoricinoleate, sorbitan sesquiricinoleate, sorbitan diricinoleate, sorbitan triricinoleate, sorbitan monohydroxystearate, sorbitan sesquihydroxystearate, sorbitan dihydroxystearate, sorbitan trihydroxystearate, sorbitan monotartrate, sorbitan sesquitartrate, sorbitan ditartrate, sorbitan tritartrate, sorbitan monocitrate, sorbitan sesquicitrate, sorbitan dicitrate, sorbitan tricitrate, sorbitan monomaleate, sorbitan sesquimaleate, sorbitan dimaleate, sorbitan trimaleate, and technical-grade mixtures thereof. Likewise suitable are addition products of from 1 to 30 mol, preferably 5 to 10 mol, of ethylene oxide to said sorbitan esters.

Polyglycerol Esters

Typical examples of suitable polyglycerol esters are polyglyceryl-2 dipolyhydroxystearate (Dehymuls® PGPH), polyglycerol-3 diisostearate (Lameform® TGI), polyglyceryl-4 isostearate (Isolan® GI 34), polyglyceryl-3 oleate, diisostearoyl polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate (Isolan® PDI), polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate (Tego Care® 450), polyglyceryl-3 beeswax (Cera Bellina®), polyglyceryl-4 caprate (Polyglycerol Caprate T2010/90), polyglyceryl-3 cetyl ether (Chimexane® NL), polyglyceryl-3 distearate (Cremophor® GS 32) and polyglyceryl polyricinoleate (Admul® WOL1403), polyglyceryl dimerate isostearate, and mixtures thereof. Examples of further suitable polyol esters are the mono-, di- and triesters, optionally reacted with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide, of trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol with lauric acid, coconut fatty acid, tallow fatty acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid and the like.

Anionic Emulsifiers

Typical anionic emulsifiers are aliphatic fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as, for example, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid, and dicarboxylic acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as, for example, azelaic acid or sebacic acid.

Amphoteric and Cationic Emulsifiers

-   -   Furthermore, zwitterionic surfactants can be used as         emulsifiers. The term “zwitterionic surfactants” refers to those         surface-active compounds which carry at least one quaternary         ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulphonate         group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic         surfactants are the so-called betaines, such as         N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example         cocoalkyldimethylammonium glycinate,         N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example         cocoacylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and         2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxy-ethylimidazolines having in         each case 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group, and         cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethyl glycinate.         Particular preference is given to the fatty acid amide         derivative known under the CTFA name Cocamidopropyl Betaine.         Likewise suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic surfactants. The         term “ampholyte surfactants” means those surface-active         compounds which, apart from a C_(8/18)-alkyl or -acyl group,         contain at least one free amino group and at least one —COOH or         —SO₃H group in the molecule and are capable of forming internal         salts. Examples of suitable ampholytic surfactants are         N-alkylglycines, N-alkylaminopropionic acids,         N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids,         N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines,         N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and         alkylaminoacetic acids having in each case about 8 to 18 carbon         atoms in the alkyl group. Particularly preferred ampholytic         surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate,         cocoacylaminoethylaminopropionate and C_(12/18)-acylsarcosine.         Finally, cationic surfactants are also suitable as emulsifiers,         those of the ester quat type, preferably methyl-quaternized         difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly         preferred.         Fats and Waxes

Typical examples of fats are glycerides, i.e. solid or liquid vegetable or animal products which consist essentially of mixed glycerol esters of higher fatty acids, suitable waxes are inter alia natural waxes, such as, for example, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugarcane wax, ouricury wax, montan wax, beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax), uropygial grease, ceresin, ozokerite (earth wax), petrolatum, paraffin waxes, microcrystalline waxes; chemically modified waxes (hard waxes), such as, for example, montan ester waxes, sasol waxes, hydrogenated jojoba waxes, and synthetic waxes, such as, for example, polyalkylene waxes and polyethylene glycol waxes. In addition to the fats, suitable additives are also fat-like substances, such as lecithins and phospholipids. The term lecithins is understood by the person skilled in the art as meaning those glycerophospholipids which are founded from fatty acids, glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline by esterification. Lecithins are thus also often as phosphatidylcholines (PC) in the specialist world. Examples of natural lecithins which may be mentioned are the cephalins, which are also referred to as phosphatidic acids and constitute derivatives of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoric acids. By contrast, phospholipids are usually understood as meaning mono- and preferably diesters of phosphoric acid with glycerol (glycerol phosphates), which are generally classed as fats. In addition, sphingosines or sphingolipids are also suitable.

Pearlescent Waxes

Examples of suitable pearlescent waxes are: alkylene glycol esters, specifically ethylene glycol distearate; fatty acid alkanolamides, specifically coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; partial glycerides, specifically stearic acid monoglyceride; esters of polybasic, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, specifically long-chain esters of tartaric acid; fatty substances, such as, for example, fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which have a total of at least 24 carbon atoms, specifically laurone and distearyl ether; fatty acids, such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring-opening products of olefin epoxides having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with fatty alcohols having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and/or polyols having 2 to 15 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups, and mixtures thereof.

Consistency Regulators and Thickeners

Suitable consistency regulators are primarily fatty alcohols or hydroxy fatty alcohols having 12 to 22, and preferably 16 to 18, carbon atoms, and also partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxy fatty acids. Preference is given to a combination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and/or fatty acid N-methylglucamides of identical chain length and/or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates. Suitable thickeners are, for example, Aerosil grades (hydrophilic silicas), polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, and also relatively high molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates (e.g. Carbopols® and Pemulen grades from Goodrich; Synthalens® from Sigma; Keltrol grades from Kelco; Sepigel grades from Seppic; Salcare grades from Allied Colloids), polyacrylamides, polymers, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Bentonites, such as, for example, Bentone® Gel VS 5PC (Rheox), which is a mixture of cyclopentasiloxane, disteardimonium hectorite and propylene carbonate, have also proven to be particularly effective. Also suitable are surfactants, such as, for example, ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as, for example, pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates having a narrowed homologue distribution or alkyl oligoglucosides, and electrolytes such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.

Superfatting Agents

Superfatting agents which can be used are substances such as, for example, lanolin and lecithin, and polyethoxylated oracylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides, the latter also serving as foam stabilizers.

Stabilizers

Stabilizers which can be used are metal salts of fatty acids, such as, for example, magnesium, aluminium and/or zinc stearate or ricinoleate.

Polymers

Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, such as, for example, a quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose obtainable under the name Polymer JR 400® from Amerchol, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone-vinylimidazole polymers, such as, for example, Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides, such as, for example, lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®L/Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers, such as, for example, amodimethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine (Cartaretins®/Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (Merquat® 550/Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides, as described, for example, in FR 2252840 A, and crosslinked water-soluble polymers thereof, cationic chitin derivatives, such as, for example, quaternized chitosan, optionally in microcrystalline dispersion, condensation products from dihaloalkyls, such as, for example, dibromobutane with bisdialkylamines, such as, for example, bisdimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum, such as, for example, Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16 from Celanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers, such as, for example, Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 from Miranol.

Suitable anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic polymers are, for example, vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate-butyl maleate-isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers and esters thereof, uncrosslinked polyacrylic acids and polyacrylic acids crosslinked with polyols, acrylamido-propyltrimethylammonium chloride-acrylate copolymers, octylacrylamide-methyl methacrylate-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-vinylcaprolactam terpolymers, and optionally derivatized cellulose ethers and silicones.

Silicone compounds

Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones, and amino-, fatty acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluorine-, glycoside- and/or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, which can either be liquid or in resin form at room temperature. Also suitable are simethicones, which are mixtures of dimethicones having an average chain length of from 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated silicates.

UV Photoprotective Filters

UV photoprotective factors are, for example, to be understood as meaning organic substances (photoprotective filters) which are liquid or crystalline at room temperature and which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and give off the absorbed energy again in the form of longer-wavelength radiation, e.g. heat. UVB filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. Examples of oil-soluble substances are:

-   -   3-benzylidenecamphor or 3-benzylidenenorcamphor and derivatives         thereof, e.g. 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene)camphor;     -   4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 2-ethylhexyl         4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, 2-octyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate and         amyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate;     -   esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl         4-methoxycinnamate, propyl 4-methoxycinnamate, isoamyl         4-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamate         (octocrylene);     -   esters of salicylic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl salicylate,         4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate, homomenthyl salicylate;     -   derivatives of benzophenone, preferably         2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone,         2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-methylbenzophenone,         2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;     -   esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably di-2-ethylhexyl         4-methoxybenzalmalonate;     -   triazine derivatives, such as, for example,         2,4,6-trianilino(p-carbo-2′-ethyl-1′-hexyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine         and octyltriazone or dioctylbutamidotriazone (Uvasorb® HEB);     -   propane-1,3-diones, such as, for example,         1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione;     -   ketotricyclo(5.2.1.0)decane derivatives.

Suitable water-soluble substances are:

-   -   2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid and the alkali metal,         alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium         and glucammonium salts thereof;     -   sulphonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably         2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid and its salts;     -   sulphonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidenecamphor, such as, for         example, 4-(2-oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl)benzenesulphonic acid and         2-methyl-5-(2-oxo-3-bornylidene)sulphonic acid and salts         thereof.

Suitable typical UV-A filters are, in particular, derivatives of benzoylmethane, such as, for example, 1-(4′-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol® 1789), 1-phenyl-3-(4′-isopropylphenyl)propane-1,3-dione, and enamine compounds. The UV-A and UV-B filters can of course also be used in mixtures. Particularly favourable combinations consist of the derivatives of benzoylmethane, e.g. 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol® 1789) and 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamate (octocrylene) in combination with esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate and/or propyl 4-methoxycinnamate and/or isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate. Advantageously, such combinations are combined with water-soluble filters such as, for example, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid and their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts.

As well as said soluble substances, insoluble light protection pigments, namely finely dispersed metal oxides or salts, are also suitable for this purpose. Examples of suitable metal oxides are, in particular, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and also oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminium and cerium, and mixtures thereof. Salts which may be used are silicates (talc), barium sulphate or zinc stearate. The oxides and salts are used in the form of the pigments for skincare and skin-protective emulsions and decorative cosmetics. The particles here should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm. They can have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use particles which have an ellipsoidal shape or a shape deviating in some other way from the spherical form. The pigments can also be surface-treated, i.e. hydrophilicized or hydrophobicized. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, such as, for example, titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex® T2000 (Merck). Suitable hydrophobic coating agents are here primarily silicones and, specifically in this case, trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones. In sunscreens, preference is given to using so-called micro- or nanopigments. Preference is given to using micronized zinc oxide.

Biogenic Active Ingredients and Antioxidants

Biogenic active ingredients are understood as meaning, for example, tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, (deoxy)ribonucleic acid and fragmentation products thereof, β-glucans, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts, such as, for example, prunus extract, bambara nut extract and vitamin complexes.

Antioxidants interrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is triggered when UV radiation penetrates the skin. Typical examples thereof are amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and derivatives thereof, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof, peptides, such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and derivatives thereof (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g.α-carotene, (β-carotene, lycopene) and derivatives thereof, chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, lipoic acid and derivatives thereof (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and the glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof) and salts thereof, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts), and sulphoximine compounds (e.g. buthionine sulphoximines, homocysteine sulphoximine, buthionine sulphones, penta-, hexa-, heptathionine sulphoximine) in very low tolerated doses (e.g. pmol to μmol/kg), and also (metal) chelating agents (e.g. α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof (e.g. γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and derivatives thereof, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate), and coniferyl benzoate of gum benzoin, rutic acid and derivatives thereof, α-glycosylrutin, ferulic acid, furfurylideneglucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiacic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and derivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof, superoxide dismutase, zinc and derivatives thereof (e.g. ZnO, ZnSO₄) selenium and derivatives thereof (e.g. selenomethionine), stilbenes and derivatives thereof (e.g. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and the derivatives (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of said active ingredients which are suitable according to the invention.

Deodorants and Antimicrobial Agents

Cosmetic deodorants counteract, mask or remove body odors. Body odors arise as a result of the effect of skin bacteria on apocrine perspiration, with the formation of degradation products which have an unpleasant odor. Accordingly, deodorants comprise active ingredients which act as antimicrobial agents, enzyme inhibitors, odor absorbers or odor masking agents.

-   -   Antimicrobial Agents

Suitable antimicrobial agents are, in principle, all substances effective against gram-positive bacteria, such as, for example, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and its salts and esters, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether (triclosan), 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, 2,2′-methylenebis(6-bromo4-chlorophenol), 3-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)phenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, chlorhexidine, 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (TTC), antibacterial fragrances, thymol, thyme oil, eugenol, oil of cloves, menthol, mint oil, farnesol, phenoxyethanol, glycerol monocaprate, glycerol monocaprylate, glycerol monolaurate (GML), diglycerol monocaprate (DMC), salicylic acid N-alkylamides, such as, for example, N-octylsalicylamide or N-decylsalicylamide.

Enzyme Inhibitors

Suitable enzyme inhibitors are, for example, esterase inhibitors. These are preferably trialkyl citrates, such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and, in particular, triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT). The substances inhibit enzyme activity, thereby reducing the formation of odor. Other substances which are suitable esterase inhibitors are sterol sulphates or phosphates, such as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulphate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids and esters thereof, such as, for example, glutaric acid, monoethyl glutarate, diethyl glutarate, adipic acid, monoethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, malonic acid and diethyl malonate, hydroxycarboxylic acids and esters thereof, such as, for example, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or diethyl tartrate, and zinc glycinate.

Odor Absorbers

Suitable odor absorbers are substances which are able to absorb and largely retain odor-forming compounds. They lower the partial pressure of the individual components, thus also reducing their rate of diffusion. It is important that in this process perfumes must remain unimpaired. Odor absorbers are not effective against bacteria. They comprise, for example, as main constituent, a complex zinc salt of ricinoleic acid or specific, largely odor-neutral fragrances which are known to the person skilled in the art as “fixatives”, such as, for example, extracts of labdanum or styrax or certain abietic acid derivatives. The odor masking agents are fragrances or perfume oils, which, in addition to their function as odor masking agents, give the deodorants their respective fragrance note. Perfume oils which may be mentioned are, for example, mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts from flowers, stems and leaves, fruits, fruit peels, roots, woods, herbs and grasses, needles and branches, and resins and balsams. Also suitable are animal raw materials, such as, for example, civet and castoreum. Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, allyl cyclohexylpropionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, and the aldehydes include, for example, the linear alkanals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, the ketones include, for example, the ionones and methyl cedryl ketone, the alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, and the hydrocarbons include mainly the terpenes and balsams. Preference is, however, given to using mixtures of different fragrances which together produce a pleasing fragrance note. Essential oils of relatively low volatility, which are mostly used as aroma components, are also suitable as perfume oils, e.g. sage oil, camomile oil, oil of cloves, melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiveroil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil, labdanum oil and lavandin oil, Preference is given to using bergamot oil, dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzylacetone, cyclamen aldehyde, linalool, boisambrene forte, ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice, lemon oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allyl amyl glycolate, cyclovertal, lavandin oil, clary sage oil, β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix coeur, iso-E-super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilat, irotyl and floramat alone or in mixtures.

Antiperspirants

Antiperspirants reduce the formation of perspiration by influencing the activity of the eccrine sweat glands, thus counteracting underarm wetness and body odor. Aqueous or anhydrous formulations of antiperspirants typically comprise the following ingredients:

-   -   astringent active ingredients,     -   oil components,     -   nonionic emulsifiers,     -   coemulsifiers,     -   consistency regulators,     -   auxiliaries, such as, for example, thickeners or complexing         agents and/or     -   nonaqueous solvents, such as, for example, ethanol, propylene         glycol and/or glycerol.

Suitable astringent antiperspirant active ingredients are primarily salts of aluminium, zirconium or of zinc. Such suitable antihydrotic active ingredients are, for example, aluminium chloride, aluminium chlorohydrate, aluminium dichlorohydrate, aluminium sesquichiorohydrate and complex compounds thereof, e.g. with 1,2-propylene glycol, aluminium hydroxyallantoinate, aluminium chloride tartrate, aluminium zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminium zirconium pentachlorohydrate and complex compounds thereof, e.g. with amino acids, such as glycine. In addition, customary oil-soluble and water-soluble auxiliaries may be present in antiperspirants in relatively small amounts. Such oil-soluble auxiliaries may, for example, be:

-   -   anti-inflammatory, skin-protective or perfumed essential oils,     -   synthetic skin-protective active ingredients and/or     -   oil-soluble perfume oils.

Customary water-soluble additives are, for example, preservatives, water-soluble fragrances, pH regulators, e.g. buffer mixtures, water-soluble thickeners, e.g. water-soluble natural or synthetic polymers, such as, for example, xanthan gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone or high molecular weight polyethylene oxides.

Film Formers

Customary film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid and salts thereof, and similar compounds.

Antidandruff Active Ingredients

Suitable antidandruff active ingredients are piroctone olamine (1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimythylpentyl)-2-(1H)-pyridinone monoethanolamine salt), Baypival® (climbazole), Ketoconazole®, (4-acetyl-1-{-4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) r-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxylan-c-4-ylmethoxyphenyl}piperazine, ketoconazole, elubiol, selenium disulphide, sulphur colloidal, sulphur polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate, sulphur ricinole polyethoxylate, sulphur tar distillates, salicylic acid (or in combination with hexachlorophene), undecylenic acid monoethanolamide sulphosuccinate Na salt, Lamepon® UD (protein undecylenic acid condensate), zinc pyrithione, aluminium pyrithione and magnesium pyrithione/dipyrithione magnesium sulphate.

Swelling Agents

The swelling agents for aqueous phases may be montmorillonites, clay mineral substances, Pemulen, and alkyl-modified Carbopol grades (Goodrich). Other suitable polymers and swelling agents are given in the review by R. Lochhead in Cosm. Toll. 108, 95 (1993).

Insect Repellents

Suitable insect repellents are N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, 1,2-pentanediol or ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate.

Self-Tanning Agents and Depigmentation Agents

A suitable self-tanning agent is dihydroxyacetone. Suitable tyrosine inhibitors, which prevent the formation of melanin and are used in depigmentation agents, are, for example, arbutin, ferulic acid, kojic acid, coumaric acid and ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Hydrotropic Agents

To improve the flow behavior, it is also possible to use hydrotropic agents, such as, for example, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or polyols. Polyols which are suitable here preferably have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups. The polyols can also contain further functional groups, in particular amino groups, or be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are

-   -   glycerol;     -   alkylene glycols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol,         diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene         glycol, and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular         weight of from 100 to 1 000 daltons;     -   technical-grade oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of         self-condensation of from 1.5 to 10, such as, for example,         technical-grade diglycerol mixtures with a diglycerol content of         from 40 to 50% by weight;     -   methylol compounds, such as, in particular, trimethylolethane,         trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol and         dipentaerythritol;     -   lower alkyl glucosides, in particular those having 1 to 8 carbon         atoms in the alkyl radical, such as, for example, methyl and         butyl glucoside;     -   sugar alcohols having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as, for         example, sorbitol or mannitol;     -   sugars having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as, for example,         glucose or sucrose;     -   amino sugars, such as, for example, glucamine;     -   dialcohol amines, such as diethanolamine or         2-amino-1,3-propanediol.         Preservatives

Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxy ethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid, and the silver complexes known under the name Surfacins®, and also the other classes of substance listed in Annex 6, Part A and B of the Cosmetics Directive.

Perfume Oils and Aromas

Perfume oils which may be mentioned are mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts from flowers (lily, lavender, rose, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (aniseed, coriander, cumin, juniper), fruit peels (bergamot, lemon, orange), roots (mace, angelica, celery, cardamon, costus, iris, calmus), woods (pinewood, sandalwood, guaiac wood, cedarwood, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemongrass, sage, thyme), needles and branches (spruce, fir, pine, dwarf-pine), resins and balsams (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax). Also suitable are animal raw materials, such as, for example, civet and castoreum. Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethylmethylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexylpropionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes include, for example, the linear alkanals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, and the ketones include, for example, the ionones, α-isomethylionone and methyl cedryl ketone, the alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, and the hydrocarbons include mainly the terpenes and balsams. Preference is, however, given to using mixtures of different fragrances which together produce a pleasing fragrance note. Essential oils of relatively low volatility, which are mostly used as aroma components, are also suitable as perfume oils, e.g. sage oil, camomile oil, oil of cloves, melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil, labolanum oil and lavandin oil. Preference is given to using beigamotoil, dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzylacetone, cyclamen aldehyde, linalool, boisambrene forte, ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice, lemon oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allyl amyl glycolate, cyclovertal, lavandin oil, clary sage oil, β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix coeur, iso-E-super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilat, irotyl and floramat alone or in mixtures.

Suitable aromas are, for example, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, anise oil, star anise oil, caraway oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, lemon oil, wintergreen oil, oil of cloves, menthol and the like.

Dyes

Dyes which can be used are the substances which are approved and suitable for cosmetic purposes, as are summarized, for example, in the publication “Kosmetische Färbemitter” [Cosmetic Colorants] from the Farbstoffkommission der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft [Dyes Commission of the German Research Council], Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81-106. Examples are cochineal red A (C.I.16255), patent blue V (C.I.42051), indigotin (C.I.73015), chlorophyllin (C.I.75810), quinoline yellow (C.I.47005), titanium dioxide (C.I.77891), indanthrene blue RS (C.I.69800) and madder lake (C.I.58000). As a luminescent dye, it is also possible for luminol to be present. These dyes are customarily used in concentrations of from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the total mixture.

The total amount of auxiliaries and additives can be 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight, based on the compositions. The compositions can be prepared by customary cold or hot processes; preference is given to using the phase-inversion temperature method,

The following examples are illustrative of the invention and should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as limiting the scope of the present invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Cosmetic Emulsion

% by Trade name INCI weight Emulgade ® SE-PF⁽²⁾ Glyceryl Stearate (and) Ceteareth-20 6.00 (and) Ceteareth-12 (and) Cetearyl Alcohol (and) Cetyl palmitate Lanette ® O⁽²⁾ Cetearyl Alcohol 2.50 Cegesoft ® C24⁽²⁾ Ethyl hexyl palmitate 6.00 Cetiol ® PGL⁽²⁾ Hexyldecanol (and) Hexyldecyl laurate 5.00 Myritol ® 312⁽²⁾ Caprylic/Capric Trigylceride 3.00 DC 200-50cts⁽³⁾ Dimethicone 1.00 Deionized water add 100 Keltrol T⁽⁴⁾ Xantham Gum 0.20 Elestab 50J⁽¹⁾ Chlorphenesin (and) Methylparaben 0.40 Glycerine 4.00 Carbopol 980⁽⁵⁾ 2% Carbomer 15.00 NaOH 10% 0.60 Perfume ChampalineG10415611⁽⁶⁾ 0.10 Oligopeptide N-Acetyl-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH₂ 0.0003 (SEQ ID NO: 3)

Example 2 Cosmetic Fluid Serum

Trade name INCI % by weight Elestab 50J⁽¹⁾ Chlorphenesin (and) 0.35 Methylparaben Oligopeptide H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH₂ 0.001 (SEQ ID NO: 6) Keltrol CGT⁽⁴⁾ Xanthan gum 0.10 Cosmedia SP⁽²⁾ Sodium Polyacrylate 0.25 Deionized Water add 100 Suppliers ⁽¹⁾Laboratoires Sérobiologiques; ⁽²⁾Cognis; ⁽³⁾Dow Corning; ⁽⁴⁾Kelco; ⁽⁵⁾Noveon, ⁽⁶⁾Robertet

Example 3 Cosmetic Emulsion With AHA

Trade name INCI % by weight I Glycerin 2 Butylene Glycol 1 Veegum Ultra (1) Magnesium Aluminum 0.5 Silicate Rhodicare XC⁽²⁾ Xantham Gum 0.5 Elestab CPN⁽³⁾ Chlorophenesin 0.25 Versene powder⁽⁴⁾ Tetrasodium EDTA 0.1 Deionized Water add 100 II Eumulgin S2 Steareth-2 2 Eumulgin S21 Steareth-21 2 Lanette 18 Stearyl Alcohol 1.5 Cutina MD Glyceryl Stearate 3 Eusolex 2292⁽⁵⁾ Ethylhexyl Methoxy- 6 cinnamate Eusolex 9020⁽⁵⁾ Butyl Methoxydibenz- 2 oylmethane Cetiol S Diethylhexylcyclo- 5 hexane Eutanol G16 Hexyldecanol 3 Eutanol G 3 Octyldodecanol Creasil IH CG⁽⁶⁾ Isohexadecane 2 DC 200, 100 cs⁽⁷⁾ Dimethicone 0.75 Generol R⁽³⁾ Brassica Campestris 0.5 (Rapeseed) Sterols III Deionized Water 15 Photonyl LS⁽³⁾ Arginine (and) Di- 1.5 sodium Adenosine Triphosphate (and) Mannitol (and) Py- ridoxine HCl RNA (and) Histidine HCl (and) Phenylalanine (and) Tyrosine IV Dry Flo Plus⁽⁸⁾ Aluminum Starch Oct- 3 enylsuccinate V AHCare G60⁽³⁾ Glycolic acid 10 (and) Aqua (and) Arginine Ammoniac (sol. 20.5%) qs pH 3.5 VI Dermosaccharides HC⁽³⁾ Glycerin (and) 2 Aqua (and) Gly- cosaminoglycans (and) Glycogen Powdy Dream 50-3770⁽⁹⁾ 0.15 VII Oligopeptide N-Acetyl-Tyr-Pro-Phe- 0.001 Phe-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 4) Suppliers (1) Vanderbilt, (2) Rhodia, (3) Laboratoires Sérobiologiques; (4) Brenntag, (5) Merck, (6) Cosmo Chem, (7) Dow Corning, (8) National Starch, (9) Cognis Fragrances

Example 4

Quali-quantitative composition of the Active Ingredient: Ac-YPFF-NH₂(acetyl-Tyr-Pro-Phe-NH₂) (SEQ ID NO:4): 400 ppm in a solution water/glycerol 50/50 (w/w) was carried out.

Example 5

Protocol: Sensorial evaluation in vivo on 16 human volunteers of the soothing effect of an emulsion with 2% Active Ingredient according to example 4 versus placebo emulsion. The volunteers were trained to detect the levels of cutaneous sensibility at the heat. During this training, the cutaneous thermal sensitivity is evaluated by measures with “Thermal Sensory Analyser” (TSA). At the end of the training, 2 zones were delimited on the scapular back: one was treated by placebo emulsion and the other by emulsion with 2% Active Ingredient (a standardized application of 2 μl/cm²). 120 minutes after application of the products, the perception of heat was evaluated by the volunteers according to 2 levels: “sensorial discomfort” and “painful”. The results are the synthesis of the variations of temperatures observed for each level of sensitivity on the treated zone and the placebo zone.

Composition of the Tested Products

Emulsion with 2% Active Ingredient PHASE A Water Add 100.00 Propylene Glycol (and) Phenoxyethanol (and) 2.50 Chlorphenesin (and) Methylparaben Cetearyl Isononanoate (and) Ceteareth-20 (and) Cetearyl 10.00 Alcohol (and) Glyceryl Stearate (and) Glycerin (and) Ceteareth-12 (and) Cetyl Palmitate Xanthan Gum 0.20 Sodium Polyacrylate (and) Hydrogenated 1.20 Polydecene (and) PPG-5 Laureth-5 Mica (and) Titanium Dioxide 1.00 PHASE B Dicaprylyl Carbonate 3.00 PHASE C Active Ingredient 2.00 Emulsion without active ingredient (placebo) PHASE A Water Add 100.00 Propylene Glycol (and) Phenoxyethanol (and) 2.50 Chlorphenesin (and) Methylparaben Cetearyl Isononanoate (and) Ceteareth-20 (and) Cetearyl 10.00 Alcohol (and) Glyceryl Stearate (and) Glycerin (and) Ceteareth-12 (and) Cetyl Palmitate Xanthan Gum 0.20 Sodium Polyacrylate (and) Hydrogenated 1.20 Polydecene (and) PPG-5 Laureth-5 Mica (and) Titanium Dioxide 1.00 PHASE B Dicaprylyl Carbonate 3.00 Results Sensorial discomfort Painful (° C.) (° C.) Variations in perception of temperature on the 2.5 ± 0.6 1.7 ± 0.4 zone treated with emulsion containing 2% Active Ingredient based on example 4 (before and 120 minutes after application of the products) (AI) Variations in perception of temperature on the 1.3 ± 0.6 1.2 ± 0.5 zone treated with placebo emulsion (before and 120 minutes after application of the products) (PL) Difference: AI − PL 1.3 ± 0.5 0.5 ± 0.3

120 minutes after the application of the emulsion with 2% Active Ingredient and in comparison to the placebo zone, the perception of heat significantly decreased for level “discomfort” and “painful”. These results demonstrated a soothing effect 120 minutes after the application of the emulsion with 2% active ingredient according to example 4. 

1. A cosmetic composition which comprises: 1) an oligopeptide according to formula (II) R₁-TyrPro-Phe-Phe-NH₂ SEQ ID NO:2, wherein R₁ is acetyl; 2) an irritating cosmetic agent; and 3) optionally, an additive or auxiliary suitable for use in a cosmetic composition: wherein the oligopeptide is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to reduce discomfort and/or pain due to the irritating cosmetic agent when the cosmetic composition is administered cutaneously.
 2. The cosmetic composition of claim 1 wherein the oligopeptide is present in a concentration of from about 0.001 to 1,000 ppm based by weight of the composition.
 3. The cosmetic composition of claim 1 wherein the irritating cosmetic agent is an alpha-hydroxy or beta-hydroxy acid or a salt or ester thereof.
 4. The cosmetic composition of claim 1 wherein the irritating cosmetic agent is a retinoid.
 5. The cosmetic composition of claim 2 wherein the oligopeptide is present in a concentration of from about 0.5 to 100 ppm. 